Francis taggart



(No Model.)

F. TAGGART.

MACHINE FOR DISINTBGRATING WHEAT, &c.

' No. 269,741 I Patented Deo'. 26 -188 2.

Uwt'rao STATES PATENT @rrrcie.

FRANCIS TAGGART, OF BROOKLYN, NEWV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES R KNIOKERBOGKER, TRUSTEE.

MACHINE FOR DISINTEGRATING WHEAT, 84.0.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0.. 269,741, dated December 26, 1882.

I Application filed May 25, 1880. (N model.)

Toull whom it may concern Be it known that l, FRANCIS TAGGAR'L, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Disintegrating \Vheat and other Grain and Substances, of which the following is a specification.

In a patent granted to me April 18,1881, No. 248,528, for process and apparatus for disintegrating wheat,&c.,lhavedescribed and claimed a process for disintegrating cereals and other frangible substances, and an-appai atus for carrying the process into efl'ect. The said process in brief consists in projecting the grams to be comminuted against a hard abutment or obstacie by the agencyofacontinuously-flowingpowerful current of aeriform fluid, (usually compressed air,) into which the grains are introduced at a convenient point, whereby the latter are disintegrated, and then collecting the comniinuted particles, while the accumulation of air is permitted to escape at a different point. My present improvement is to efi'ect the same object or purpose; and it consists in features of construction and of combination in apparatus specially adapted for efiecting the disintegration of grain or other frangible substances to the desired degree of fineness of granules 0 by being shattered against a hard abutment by the impelling force of a continuously-flowing jet of air from an ejector. In my said patent the feed of the substance is shown as being efi'ected by the inactive function of a regulating slide, which can only be set to regulate the quantity or the substance descending by gravity only, whereas in my present improvement the feed is effected from an open bin direct to the ejector orifice by the mechanical 4o forcing function of revolving or moving surfaces. The feed is continuous, descending by gravity direct to the nozzle of the ejector at. a point just in front of the ejector-orifice and at the junction of the vertical feed-pipe with the 5 horizontal projecting-pipe.

In disintegrating lrangible substances by the prime impact of the grams or particles against a hard abutment or surface of impact, with a continuously-flowing powerful current or jet of airupon a continuous feed, it is a inattero greatimportance that the feed should be sucl that the grain or substance will be projectet with uniformity and regularity as to voluml or body to produce the best results. In tin present arrangement of the apparatus the'feed rolls are placed directly over the ejector-orifice and the latter enters the projecting pipe at 2 point forward of the entrance of the materia therein, whereby the force of the air-jet act. upon the substance at its point of entranceil said projecting pipe and d rivesit forward. Tht vertical pipe in which.the' feed rolls are ar ranged and the horizontal projecting pipe fo the substance flare about equally from tilt ejector-orifice. This gives a comparatively nat row passage for the substance at the jet-n02 zle, and allows the air to expand and to main tain its full velocity in flowing through a cy lindrical part of said projecting pipe.

lhave illustrated in the accompa nying'draw ing one form of apparatus embracing my pres eut improvements, and which represents a ver tical sectional view of the organized apparatu in its relation to the floor of the mill.

The grain or other substance is projectet into a chamber, A, wherein it is disintegratet to the desired measure by a single impinge ment, and the shattered particles confined ant discharged therefrom. This chamber may b of any suitable form, size, and construction and arranged in relation to bolting and sift ing machines, to separate the bran skins from the granular flour-producing substance, and t suitable flour-prod ucing apparatus, all of whicl may or may not be connected to and commu nicate with the discharge chute or spout E which Iprefer to form as a continuation of th hopper bottom of said chamber. A chambel G, serves to receive air under accumulate pressure. and should be of capacity to afiorl a steady pressure and supplyof compresse air to the ejector. Its strength should be sul ficient to bear with safety a pressure of tw hundred and twenty-five pounds, more or lest to the square inch. The ejector is connector with and extends directly lrom this com presse air-chamber, and joins a pipe which enters th reducing-chamber. The grain is fed dowt d to theej ctor from an open bin, D, which rovided with a suitable hopper discharge b, and with rolls c, of suitable diamand properly arranged to effect the feed he grain to the ejector in regulated quanti- They are preterably adapted to be re- .ed upward or in a direction contrary to feed of the grain. These feed-rolls are vided with slides or SUHllQIS, secured to inclined sides of the hopper end of the bin made adjustable in relation to the rolls, le the feed is ctfected in quantities regud by the adjustment and speed of the rolls. be conducting and projecting pipe extends n the hopperend ot' the bin downwardly a able distance, and enters by a horizontal *nsion the chamber A, in which the disin- 'ation of the grain or other substance is rated. he ejector G proper should be about oneth of an inch in (.iiitlllt-l'ti, and the pipe G, necting it with the compressed air-chamshould be of sufliciently larger diameter nsure that the velocity of the outtiowing at the exit shall he as near as can be to greatest possible velocity that can be given jet of air by a pressure of two hundred twenty-five pounds to the square inch. ejector nozzle Gr joins the vertical feeding- 1 1:1 at its junction with the horizontal proing-pipe 11, and extends within the latter past or in advance of the vertical opening nigh which the grain descends, so as to se the substance to enter the projectinga and to be drawn therein along with a cur- ;ot' non-compressed air from the feedinga in the direction shown by the arrows. re it not for this relation of the ejector-noz- .vith the outlet of the "ertical feeding-pipe feed of the substance could not be effected er a continuously-tiowing powerful current t of air from the ejector-nozzle. The proing-pipe should be about one-fourth greater neter than the exit end of the ejector at this :tion. The vertical feeding-pipe I1 and the ectingilipe H flare about equally from the tor, the pipe 11 increasing in diameter a ance sufficient to allow for the full expanot' the air, and trout the termination of l tlaring part the sides of said pipe con- 0 parallel the full diameter to its entrance the disintegratirig-chamber, so that the velocity of the air may be maintained to lischarge end. prefer that the length of the parallel part lllflllltl be not less than forty times its diter and the diameter of the parts H and it the point of communication should be i]. The ejector-joins the curved side of the -pipe H and the end of the projecting pipe so as to bring the ejector-nozzle in the len stated to the substance issuing trourthe -r curved end of the feeding-pipe. tpported upon the wall of or within the itegrating-chamber and at a point oppoto the entrance therein of the projectingpipe H and in central line therewith and at right angles to such line is a disk, L, of suitable diameter and thickness, ot'extremely hard steel or other hard and proper substance with preferably a polished surface of any form, broken or unbroken, forming an abutment or surface of impingement against which the grain kernels or substances are continuously projected with force sutlicient to cause the whole interior substance of the kernels to be disintegrated to the desired measure.

The shattered particles are confined within and fall and pass out from the chamber in which the abutment is arranged. This chamber is so constructed as to allow sufficient freedom for theoutward passage of the expanded air from the ejector while retainingin the chamber all or nearly all the products of disintegration, whether such provision be made by the use of a large and high inclosure of pyramidal or conical form and having snflicient capacity to allow of a very slow ascent of the liberated air to the small outlet at the top, thus giving time for the subsidence of the tine and lighter products of the d sintegration, or by forming the inclosing walls or surrounding surface of the chamber of hunting or other pervious fibrous fabrics or of perforated metal of such size of mesh or perforations as to allow the air to pass outward whileretaining within the chamber nearly orquite all of thc fine products of disintegration.

The ejector-pipe is provided with a suitable cock or valve, (1, by which to regulate and control the operation.

The apparatus is suitably supported, and the supply of compressed air in the chamber 0 or to the ejector is maintained by any suitable means.

The apparatus being completed for use, the bin tilled, and the cotnpressed-air chamber fully charged, the cock (I is turned until ajet of air of sutiicient force is produced in the projecting-pipe. The feed-rolls are then given tLe proper speed, and the grain or substance passing through them in proper quantity will descent] partly by the force of gravity and partly by the force of the air-current induced by the air-jet, and meeting the ejector impelling force will be thereby projected against the fixed surface ofimpingement and disintegrated.

Any suitable compressor with proper ejector-connections may be used instead of chamber U.

The outlet for the escape of the spent compressed a-ir from the disintegratingchamber may be made adjustable as to size and ot'such height above the abutment and the bottom outlet as to allow such time anti space for the separation and subsidence of the line flour as will prevent any considerable loss by flourdust passing out with the outflowing air, and so-that all the air entering the chamber will pass out without causing any perceptible backpressure.

have stated that the grain or substance should be projected with uniformity and regulated as to volume or body to produce the best results, and I mean by this that it should be fed to the ejector in unvarying quantity by a positively-moving feed regulated to suit the force of the air to the end that the cushioning action of one grain or particle upon another at the instant of impact upon the abutment will be lessened, the substance more uniformly re duced, and the expense attending such reduction materially lessened.

I claini 1. The combination, with an air-ejector, a Chamber for compressed air, an abutment, a chamber inclosing said abutment, and an open supply-bin, ot' a positively-moving feeder arranged with respect to the ejector substantia-ll y described, for the purpose specified.

2. In apparatus for disintegrating grain and other frangible substances; the combination of an air-ejector, a chamber for compressed air, an abutment, and a chamber inclosing said abutment, with an open supply-bin, teed-rolls c c, and teed-pipe H, arranged with respect to and having direct communication with said ejector and with the chamber inclosing said abutment, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with an air-ejector, a chamber for compressed air, an abutment, an inclosing-chamber therefor, a supply-bin, and the feed-rolls, of a feed-pipe and a projecting pipe, both flaring from the ejector-nozzle, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

4. The combination, in apparatus for disintegrating grain and frangible substances, of an air-ejector, a chamber for compressed air, a hard abutment, an inclosing-chamber therefor, an open supply-bin, and the feed-rolls, with the vertical feed-pipe H and the horizontal projecting-pipe H H both joining the ejector-nozzle G and'flaring equally therefrom, substantially, as described, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANCIS TAGGART.

Witnesses:

A. E. H. JOHNSON, J. W. HAMILTON JOHNSON. 

